DAVID
FEINGOLD

STIGMA can be considered a combination of three problems: lack of knowledge  (ignorance and misinformation), negative attitudes (prejudice), and rejection or avoidance behaviors (discrimination).

 

The history of stigma and rejection from society dates back to ancient times. The presence of stigma is the most serious concern for patients; because they must cope with the disease and symptoms and adapt to negative attitudes and society labeling.

 

Stigma impairs people’s quality of life and leads to their isolation and rejection of interpersonal relationships. The rejection from society and low self-esteem, following the fear of rejection, weakens living conditions, reduces income, and causes unemployment for people with bipolar disorders.